The first 10 ammendments to the U.S. Constitution ( Bill Of Rights ) introduced by James Madison which limit the power of the U.S. federal government are ratified by three-fourths of the States, The Bill Of Rights protect the natural rights of liberty and property including freedom of religion, freedom of speech, a free press, free assembly, and free association, as well as the right to keep and bear arms.

A fire destroyed the U.S. Patent Office. All records of over 10,000 patents issued over 46 years were lost, most forever, and the patent models filed with them. The office shared space in Blodgett's Hotel with the Post Office. The Patent Office occupied the second and third floors above one end, as well as most of the attic of the entire building. The fire started in the basement, where firewood was stored. The fire engine company next door had unserviceable equipment and time was lost. A bucket brigade attempted to extinguish the flames. Another engine arrived too late; the fire had taken hold. Its water supply was insufficient and the fire consumed the building. Little existed in record elsewhere when an effort was made to restore the patents.