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TODAY IN HISTORY

    FIRST U.S. PATENT
    July 31, 1790 - USA

    Patent was granted to Samuel Hopkins of Vermont for a process for making potash and pearl ashes. Potash was important as an ingredient in soap and fertilizer. The patent was granted for a term of 14 years and signed by President George Washington, who had the previous month signed the first U.S. patent statute into law on 10 April 1790. Hopkins did not get Patent with a serial No.1 as thousands of patents were issued before the Patent Office began to number them. Congress had passed the Patent Act on 10 Apr 1790. Two other patents were granted that year - one for a new candle-making process and the other the flour-milling machinery of Oliver Evans. The next year, 1791, Samuel Hopkins also was granted the first Canadian patent.

    IRON RAILWAY BRIDGE COLLAPSE
    July 31, 1849 - Pennsylvania, USA

    Near Mast Hope, Pennsylvania, collapsed as a stock train was crossing. The engineer heard a loud cracking, pulled the throttle wide open, and succeeded in getting the engine across in safety. However, the rest of the train fell into the deep ravine of the Westcolang Creek along with the wrecked bridge. A brakeman and two stockmen lost their lives. The New York and Erie Railroad had that year experimented by building three iron bridges, including the one that failed. In 1850, an article in the Scientific American magazine reported that the company, having lost confidence in iron bridges, would tear down the two remaining and replace them with wooden structures.

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RANDOM QUOTES

  • All of us have a God in us
    by Earth Day, Kenya

    "...All of us have a God in us, and that God is the spirit that unites all life, everything that is on this planet. It must be this voice that is telling me to do something, and I am sure it'as the same voice that is speaking to everybody on this planet at least everybody who seems to be concerned about the fate of the world, the fate of this planet. Wangari Maathai-Noble Peace prize winner, Deputy Minister of Environment, founder Green Belt movement in Kenya...."
  • The Revolution
    by John Adams

    "...The Revolution was effected before the War commenced. The Revolution was in the minds and hearts of the people; a change in their religious sentiments of their duties and obligations. This radical change in the principles, opinions, sentiments, and affections of the people, was the real American Revolution...."

RANDOM FACTS

  • Salary
    about Steve Jobs

    Steve Jobs' annual salary was $1, just enough to keep company health benefits. Drug Abuse
    about Facts about Drugs

    Facts about drugs can protect against drug abuse. Legal drugs, such as alcohol and tobacco, kill more people than illegal drugs. Tobacco (smoking cigarettes) kills more people than any other drug. Illegal drugs including heroin, cannabis, ecstasy and amphetamines can have unknown or dangerous ingredients. Mixing drugs, especially with alcohol, can be fatal.

Evaluating A Roof Repair :

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Evaluating A Roofing Replacement:

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Having the opportunity to estimate the amount that it may cost to replace a roof is often a fragile calculation. For a roofing contractor, they often keep in mind various factors directly to ensure about whether or not a straightforward repair needs to be done, or total replacement.

Usually, a roof should last more than two decades. The longevity of the roof is usually dependent on how well it was actually maintained over the years. Climatic conditions can also be a factor.

For example, water can get underneath shingles after which become ice. This may cause leaks, plus a considerable amount of damage. When the sun is especially intense, it can cause shingles to blister.

If your roof does find yourself needing to be replaced, step one will be to have a contractor measure your entire home. They'll measure the time no matter what the roofing system by its height up to the peak. They'll determine the length of time the whole system's ridges are, and decide how much of the cover needs to be replaced.

The entire roofing structure is calculated in squares which equals 100 ft² or 10 feet times 10 feet. For instance, a 1400 ft roof would contain 14 roofing squares. While these square help contractors to figure out their pricing estimate, other reasons, like costs of tearing off the present roof, should also be calculated.

Determining the number of squares on any roof aids the homeowner after they try to figure out what their most suitable choice is in relation to replacements. However, its not all roof is strong enough to accommodate all kinds of roofing material. The weight of an asphalt shingle is considerably less when compared to a concrete tile, and to discover the roofing system may not be devised to handle the extra weight.

The total price in estimating the price of a roof replacement is usually highly depending on the amount that the roofing contractors charge per square. That is why you will need to receive at least 3 - 4 bids from reputable contractors in the community. Further, they'll have the opportunity to try your roof, discover your material preferences, and come up with a reasonable estimate of the volume of a brand new roof shall be cost.

Understand that its not all factors of a roofing replacement can be found up front. For instance, there could be a damage besides the substrate, or a pest problem. However, based upon just how much a contractor charges per square in addition to materials chosen, the homeowner can certainly estimate how much it may cost to swap out the roof.

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