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    THE REPARATION OF ROYALTIES TO NATIVE AMERICANS
    December 8, 2009 - United States

    The Obama administration has announced that it would pay Native Americans $3.4 billion to settle a class-action lawsuit that claims the federal government cheated them for more than a century of royalties for oil, mineral and other leases. This settlement will be ending a thirteen-year legal battle that has led to 3,600 filings, millions of pages of discovery documents and eleven separate appellate decisions. It is the largest settlement Native Americans have ever received from the federal government, and eclipses the sum of all previous settlements. The dispute stems from a 19th century decision to grant parcels of land to individual Indians and place the properties in trust accounts.

    GPS
    December 8, 1993 - U.S.A.

    The U.S. Secretary of Defense declared that the Global Positioning System, accurate within 100 meters, had 24 GPS satellites operating in their assigned orbits, available for navigation use at Standard Positioning Service (SPS) levels for civil users. This Initial Operational Capability was followed on 27 Apr 1995 with a formal declaration by the U.S. Air Force Space Command that the GPS satellite constellation had met the requirement for Full Operational Capability after successful testing for military functionality. This worldwide, satellite-based radionavigation system used as the DoD's primary radionavigation system provided authorized users encrypted Precise Positioning Service accurate to at least 22 meters.

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  • A Change is Gonna Come
    by Meredith Grey

    "...Change; we don't like it, we fear it, but we can't stop it from coming. We either adapt to change, or we get left behind. It hurts to grow, anybody who tells you it doesn't is lying. But here's the truth: Sometimes the more things change, the more they stay the same. And sometimes, oh, sometimes change is good. Sometimes change is everything...."
  • No Man is Above the Law
    by Theodore Roosevelt

    "..."No man is above the law and no man is below it; nor do we ask any man's permission when we require him to obey it. Obedience to the law is demanded as a right; not asked as a favor."..."

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  • Salary
    about Steve Jobs

    Steve Jobs' annual salary was $1, just enough to keep company health benefits. More vehicles
    about Stolen On New Year's

    More vehicles are stolen on New Year's Day than any other holiday throughout the year. (So does that mean thieves are having their last fling before changing their ways or are they trying for a big score to start the New Year?)

Evaluating A Roof Repair :

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Evaluating A Roofing Replacement:

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Having the opportunity to estimate the amount that it may cost to replace a roof is often a fragile calculation. For a roofing contractor, they often keep in mind various factors directly to ensure about whether or not a straightforward repair needs to be done, or total replacement.

Usually, a roof should last more than two decades. The longevity of the roof is usually dependent on how well it was actually maintained over the years. Climatic conditions can also be a factor.

For example, water can get underneath shingles after which become ice. This may cause leaks, plus a considerable amount of damage. When the sun is especially intense, it can cause shingles to blister.

If your roof does find yourself needing to be replaced, step one will be to have a contractor measure your entire home. They'll measure the time no matter what the roofing system by its height up to the peak. They'll determine the length of time the whole system's ridges are, and decide how much of the cover needs to be replaced.

The entire roofing structure is calculated in squares which equals 100 ft² or 10 feet times 10 feet. For instance, a 1400 ft roof would contain 14 roofing squares. While these square help contractors to figure out their pricing estimate, other reasons, like costs of tearing off the present roof, should also be calculated.

Determining the number of squares on any roof aids the homeowner after they try to figure out what their most suitable choice is in relation to replacements. However, its not all roof is strong enough to accommodate all kinds of roofing material. The weight of an asphalt shingle is considerably less when compared to a concrete tile, and to discover the roofing system may not be devised to handle the extra weight.

The total price in estimating the price of a roof replacement is usually highly depending on the amount that the roofing contractors charge per square. That is why you will need to receive at least 3 - 4 bids from reputable contractors in the community. Further, they'll have the opportunity to try your roof, discover your material preferences, and come up with a reasonable estimate of the volume of a brand new roof shall be cost.

Understand that its not all factors of a roofing replacement can be found up front. For instance, there could be a damage besides the substrate, or a pest problem. However, based upon just how much a contractor charges per square in addition to materials chosen, the homeowner can certainly estimate how much it may cost to swap out the roof.

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