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    TELEPHONE SWITCHBOARD
    January 17, 1882 - Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.

    A telephone switchboard was issued a U.S. patent to Leroy Firman of Chicago, Illinois (No. 252,576), which was assigned to the Western Electric Manufacturing Co. Also of Chicago. With his invention of a “multiple switchboard for telephone exchanges,” Firman addressed the problem of increasing numbers of subscribers. Previously, single switchboards, each with an attendant, served their group of individual lines. A large exchange was thus divided up into a number of internal exchange switchboards which were worked together as necessary, with trunk lines between the boards. Firman devised an arrangement to handle an exchange of a thousand or more subscribers with line status information exchanged between switchmen.

    PUNCHBOARDS
    January 17, 1905 - Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.

    The first U.S. patent was issued for a punchboard to Charles A. Brewer and Clinton G. Scannell of Chicago, Illinois, described as “vending devices.” They were manufactured by Charles A. Brewer & Sons in the same city. (No. 780,086). Even though the equivalent of punchboards had been around for many years, they had never been available in such a neat and portable form. The invention of board stuffing machines and ticket folding and plaiting machines in the late 1910s was probably the key factor which allowed the punchboard industry to flourish. Once the boards became cheap to manufacture, they flooded the country. Noted gambling author John Scarne estimates that 30 million punchboards were sold in 1910-15.

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Website preview thumbnail for : Cigarettes On-line - Interesting Facts
The article is dedicated to the description of the history of cigarettes origination and development. Get to know more about the habit of smoking and read how to purchase cheap cigarettes.
Article Content :The habit of tobacco smoking has a very long history. The influence of tobacco on human brain was noticed long time ago. In the beginning our ancestors used to prefer chewing tobacco leaves, but with time the first cigarettes were created. Everybody knows that smoking is considered to be a bad habit. It was confirmed by pharmaceutical investigations that smoking has a negative effect on our health. Smokers obviously realize this fact very well, but still they prefer to continue smoking. Whatever professionals say it's evident that smoking is more than just a habit, since so many people around the world smoke despite all the negative impact of this habit. Firstly, while you smoke you relax. Smoking is a kind of meditation. It's true that tobacco smoking has an adverse influence on your system, but as soon as you quit smoking all the adverse symptoms will bit by bit fade. But at the same time everyone knows that nerve cells don't renew. This way, smoking assists you in keeping your nervous system sound. Tobacco industry is highly developed at the present time. There are a great variety of tobacco products provided, including cigars, cigarettes and snuff. The difference between cigars and cigarettes is that cigars are commonly stronger and are generally smoked without inhaling. The variety of cigarettes is so great that it's easy to confuse. At any shop you will see cigarette packings of various colors and sizes. There are light and strong cigarettes, thin and regular size, with various flavors. But still it is preferable to choose the cigarettes founding on the brand. Such producers like Marlboro and Parliament are famous all over the world for their high quality. At present time everybody has an opportunity to order cigarettes on-line. It is much more convenient and cheaper than purchasing the same products in the store. First of all, on-line shops do not need to rent an office, that's why the price on their products is lower. What's more, cigarettes in on-line shops are duty free. Moreover, one of the most significant advantages of online stores is that you get your order delivered at your door.

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