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    POLYPROPYLENE
    November 12, 1999 - Bartlesville, Oklahoma, U.S.A.

    In Bartlesville, Oklahoma, a plaque was placed on the site of the laboratory where the polymer polypropylene was invented, designating it a National Historic Chemical Landmark by the American Chemical Society. The first commercially successful use of the new material was in the Hula Hoop®. In 1951, J. Paul Hogan and Robert L. Banks, research chemists working for Phillips Petroleum Company, discovered the polymer unexpectedly during experiments with catalysts while trying to convert the natural gas components ethylene and propylene into compounds useful for gasoline. Later, they also developed a new catalytic process for making high-density polyethylene. Phillips soon invested in new plastic manufacturing plants.

    PITOT TUBE
    November 12, 1732 - Academy of Sciences, Paris

    Henri Pitot read a paper to the Royal Academy of Sciences in Paris about an instrument he had invented to measure the flow velocity at different depths of water in the River Seine. It had a scale and two open vertical glass tubes on a wood frame. The lower end of one pointed down, the other bent at 90 facing the flow. The belief of the time was that flow velocity at a given depth was proportional to the mass above it, meaning increasing velocity at greater depth. Recording the difference in liquid levels in the two tubes, he showed the opposite was true. Henri Darcy improved the design, with the support of Henri Bazin. Today, the Pitot tube has an important application in aerodynamics for the measurement of the airspeed of aircraft.

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Lighting Fixtures :

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Is it time to remodel or buy a new house? Do you need ceiling fixtures for your rooms? Will you need to have different light fixtures for each room? Also decide which of these bulbs best fits your needs.

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When you first buy a house, remodel, or redecorate your house, this will be a good time to change your lighting fixtures. When redoing a room, it may take a few fixtures to bring out the room to the way it should be. Each room has a purpose and your lighting should correspond with that purpose.

You can really bring out a room with a light fixture that is bold and striking. Ceiling fixtures come in all types of designs and can drastically change the feeling of your room. Lamps can be added to add contrast the ceiling lighting. If you do a lot of reading then you will need a high intensity reading lamp.

The best types of reading lamps are those that are full spectrum lamps. These are specialty lamps and produce white light similar to the sun. Unlike regular incandescent bulbs, they create white light by emitting light frequencies like the sun does. This type of white light is good for reading and easy on the eyes.

When looking for a ceiling lamp fixture, look for functionality. If the fixture has too many design features, it can block the light and provide very little general lighting to your room.

If you room is to have computers, then a ceiling lighting fixture with indirect lighting will be best to avoid computer monitor glare. If possible try to avoid using florescent lamps in your living area since they emit light in 60 cycles which fatigue your brain and body.

The ceiling lighting is not only for the kitchen but for the other rooms like the bedroom, stairway, hallways, and recreation room.

The type of bulb you can put into a lighting fixture is only limited to the type of bulbs that are available in the market. Each bulb has a function and a specific frequency and power output in watt. When using a halogen bulb, use a fixture that will enclose this lamp in case it explodes. Full spectrum light bulbs are also available and I favor these because they mimic natural light more than any other type of bulb.

Saving energy light bulbs are nice in concept, but don?t away put out the light intensity that you need in the room. If you have multiple fixtures and you can put these energy saving bulbs. Then again depending on the room's purpose, this will determine the wattage of bulbs you use.

When looking at ceiling fixtures, consider the efficiency of the fixture. Some fixtures are beautiful to look at, but absorb the light that should go to the room. Make sure that the lamp is easy to clean otherwise you will be wishing you had bought another type of lamp. Also look to install a rheostat to control the light. This manual light control will give your bulb long life and you can adjust the intensity of the bulb to give more or less light.

Using these tips will help you setup your lighting fixture so that you don't have to replace it later. Just make sure that you use the fixtures that will complement the purpose of your room.

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  • Affordable Lamps
    Affordable Lamps, has a large display of Contemporary lighting fixtures. You can find lamps for each room with different purposes. You will surely find affordable lighting fixture or chandeliers. We also have outdoor lighting for you outdoor projects. Loo

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