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    TELEPHONE SWITCHBOARD
    January 17, 1882 - Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.

    A telephone switchboard was issued a U.S. patent to Leroy Firman of Chicago, Illinois (No. 252,576), which was assigned to the Western Electric Manufacturing Co. Also of Chicago. With his invention of a “multiple switchboard for telephone exchanges,” Firman addressed the problem of increasing numbers of subscribers. Previously, single switchboards, each with an attendant, served their group of individual lines. A large exchange was thus divided up into a number of internal exchange switchboards which were worked together as necessary, with trunk lines between the boards. Firman devised an arrangement to handle an exchange of a thousand or more subscribers with line status information exchanged between switchmen.

    PUNCHBOARDS
    January 17, 1905 - Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.

    The first U.S. patent was issued for a punchboard to Charles A. Brewer and Clinton G. Scannell of Chicago, Illinois, described as “vending devices.” They were manufactured by Charles A. Brewer & Sons in the same city. (No. 780,086). Even though the equivalent of punchboards had been around for many years, they had never been available in such a neat and portable form. The invention of board stuffing machines and ticket folding and plaiting machines in the late 1910s was probably the key factor which allowed the punchboard industry to flourish. Once the boards became cheap to manufacture, they flooded the country. Noted gambling author John Scarne estimates that 30 million punchboards were sold in 1910-15.

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Buying Cheap Used Cars :

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Do you have the time to find a cheap used car? Do you know how to buy a used car? There are plenty of used cars. Have you been taught on how to buy a car? Use common sense.

ARTICLE CONTENT :

If you are considering cheap used cars, it implies pre-owned cars, which are tagged with reasonable prices. Buying used cars can have great advantages. It saves you from expenses attached to new cars.

A new car depreciates as soon as you drive of the dealer's lot. After three years, its value is between 50 to 70% of the original price, and even less depending on the brand. The idea that a car depreciates between 15 to 20% every year makes second hand cars attractive.

The car auctions are a great place to find used vehicle. The prices are particularly cheap while the conditions of the used automobiles are still good. There are online car auctions that you can browse, when you have an access to the internet.

There are also government auctions in your local area that you can visit. Depending on the local government, some of them have created an official website for government car auctions for people who find it more convenient to shop online.

You can also visit the local dealers of cheap used cars. The car display is wide and varied. You can find cars that meet your requirements from their selection. If you are not sure of the location and name of car dealers in your community, you can skim through your telephone directory.

Car dealers offer good deals for used vehicles. Before they display the cars for sale, they have already initiated a thorough check up and necessary repairs. However, you may still find it wise to check on the reputation of the car dealer, and have the used car of your choice checked up again by another mechanic.

You can also look at the classified section of your local newspaper. Several car owners have used the advertising opportunities of the print media to promote their cars for sale. Buying used cars can be liberating because you need to have good knowledge of the cars to get the one with the best performance.

There are people who prefer to buy cheap used cars from private individuals who are willing to negotiate with the car price. Moreover, you can be assured that many of the used automobiles are handled very well by their owners. You just need eliminate the bad one, so that you can find the good one.

In buying used cars, make certain that you know the service history of the car. There are instances in which fresh paint is used to conceal a serious dent or rusting panel. Examine the underside of the car and look for new parts, repaired areas, or damaged surfaces.

Before you decide to close the deal, test drive the vehicle so you know how it handles on streets and highway roads. If you have a mechanic or car hobbyist with you during the test drive, then drive the car. His opinion and comments may help you decide, which used car is the best buy.

Get the vehicle Identification number of the car you are interested in. On the internet or DMV you can run a report that will tell you if this car has been in accident, who the owner is, or how many people have own it. Secure a copy of the car registration and the car insurance details.

Cheap used cars must be in sound condition. The engine should be well-maintained and the mileage should be average. Inspect the condition of each area of the vehicle including tires and rims, carburetor, radiator, lights and the brake systems. Inside the car check every knob possible to see if everything electrical works.

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  • 4174Article ID :
  • Rudy SilvaOwner :
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  • November 30, 2014Date Added :
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