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TODAY IN HISTORY

    COMPLEX NUMBER CALCULATOR OPERATIONAL
    January 8, 1940 - Bell Laboratories, U.S.A.

    George Stibitz's Complex Number Calculator was functional. He was a research mathematician at Bell Laboratories, who worked on its construction from Apr 1939, assisted by Samuel Williams. Later known as Bell Labs Model I Relay Computer, it used telephone relays and coded decimal numbers as groups of four binary digits (bits) each. It has been called the first electromechanical computer for routine use. A demonstration of its ability in remote computing was given on 11 Sep 1940, when messages were exchanged by phone lines between teletypewriter operators. Calculations suggested by attendees of the American Mathematical Society's meeting at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire were communicated to an attendant at the keyboard of Stibitz's calculator in New York.

    BLACK AMERICAN INVENTION
    January 8, 1872 - U.S.A.

    A second U.S. patent was issued to Black American inventor Thomas Elkins for a new article of chamber furniture which he designated a "Chamber Commode" (No. 122,518). It provides a combination of "a bureau, mirror, book-rack, washstand, table, easy-chair, and earth-closet or chamber-stool," which might otherwise be constructed as several separate articles. Previously, a patent had been issued to Elkins on 22 Feb 1870 for a "Dining, Ironing Table and Quilting Frame Combined" (No. 100,020). Another patent was subsequently issued on 11 Apr 1879 for a "Refrigerating Apparatus" for "food or corpses," which provides a convenient container and method of chilling using the evaporation of water. (No. 221,222).

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How an Automatic External Defibrillator :

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ARTICLE INFORMATION :

This article discusses the importance of external defibrillation in cardiac arrest situations. It also looks at the dangers of fibrillation and the role of CPR despite being limited in saving the lives of fibrillation victims.

ARTICLE CONTENT :

In the past couple of years manufacturers have come up with some of the most easy to use automatic external defibrillators. The AEDs as they are called are now a lot smarter, do not require experience and have a manual override setting for experienced doctors and paramedics. These devices have increased the chances of survival for many people suffering from heart conditions. But before people use this device it is important that they understand exactly how it works and when to use it.

The dangers of ventricular fibrillation

Ventricular fibrillation is a medical term of irregular heart rhythm. When the heart rhythm becomes abnormal or irregular it cuts off supply of blood to all the vital organs including the brain. So, any ventricles that are damaged because of cardiac arrest if they are not treated on time may result in eventual death. This is because these are the main blood carrying vessels responsible to directing blood from the heart. From the time a person suffers from ventricular fibrillation he only has 10 minutes to live. The first five minutes are the most important and so defibrillation delivered with CPR within this time will increase their chances of surviving by 80%.

Ventricular fibrillation treatment

The most effective way of treating the conditions is to reset the heart by directing a high intensity shock to it. This method is often referred to as being defibrillation. That said there are various types of defibrillation and so the rate of survival will mainly depend on what method is used.

Experienced doctors in hospitals or paramedics will use a manual defibrillation unit with success because they know exactly what intensity shock to use. They can also dial up the intensity based on what feedback they get from the heart. Cardiac arrest victims have a very high survival chance in the hospital.
Cardiac arrest victims often have a lower chance of survival when outside the hospital especially if they do not get defibrillation within five minutes. A CPR specialist may be able to revive the person but with a low degree of success.
Automatic external defibrillation can save lives outside a hospital but only if the device is used on time. The person in charge of running through the steps will need to keep calm and follow through the voice prompts by the machine.

How important is cardiopulmonary resuscitation

CPR has been known to save lives mainly by providing a degree of relief via artificial circulation. CPR does an excellent job of delivering some oxygen to the body in addition to jolts to the heart which in mild fibrillation is able to revive people. However, CPR in the case of fibrillation is best used in conjunction with an AED or a manual defibrillator. After each shock is delivered the person should perform CPR and check the heart for its rhythm. Doing this correctly can save lives outside of a hospital but people who do not know CPR may be able to save lives only if an AED is available.


Source : EzineArticles

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  • DefibTech
    is one of the leading suppliers of high quality automatic external defibrillators in Australia.

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