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    JAMES EDWARD CHEEK
    February 23, 1983 - United States

    James Edward Cheek was presented the Presidential Medal of Freedom, America's highest civilian honor, by President Ronald Reagan. Cheek was born December 4, 1932 in Roanoke Rapids, North Carolina. He served in the United States Air Force and was honorably discharged in 1951. He earned his Bachelor of Arts degree in sociology and history from Shaw University in 1955, his Master of Divinity degree from Colgate Rochester University in 1958, and his Ph.D. from Drew University in 1962. Cheek was appointed president of Shaw University in 1963 and in 1968 was appointed president of Howard University. During his tenure at Howard, the student population increased by 3,500 as well as the number of schools, research programs, full-time faculty, and Ph.D. programs. Howard's budget increased from $43 million to $417 million. Cheek was named Washingtonian of the Year in 1980. Cheek retired as president of Howard in 1989 and died January 8, 2010. The James E. Cheek Learning Resource Center at Shaw is named in his honor.

    U.S.A. DRUG BUST
    February 23, 1964 - U.S.A.

    U.S.A. Drug Bust Feb. 23rd, 1964 : In one of the largest drug busts ever the boss is identified a Mexican Ambassador to Bolivia as the mobs boss, Mexico reacted quickly by firing the Ambassador which takes away his immunity to prosecution, he is currently held on illegal trafficking of drugs and faces a lengthy jail sentence. He had been tracked by French Police working with the US enforcement agencies and it was decided the US had stiffer penalties for drug trafficking.

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A Brief History Of The Fairground Indust :

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Fairs in this country have a long and ancient history, deeply rooted in tradition. The word fair is derived from the Latin "feria", meaning a holiday and at one time the Romans were credited with the introduction of fairs.

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Fairs in this country have a long and ancient history, deeply rooted in tradition. The word fair is derived from the Latin "feria", meaning a holiday and at one time the Romans were credited with the introduction of fairs. It is now generally accepted that their origins are from pagan customs of the people who first settled this land; their seasonal gatherings held for the purposes of both trade and festivity, contained within them the essential elements of the fair. The Romans did much to promote fairs by improving trade and communications throughout the country. During the centuries following the departure of the Romans, many fairs and other festivals were incorporated into the calendar of the growing Christian Church.

Charters granted by the sovereign gave the fair legal status and an increasing importance in the economic life of the nation. Merchants and traders from Europe, the Middle East and beyond were drawn to the great chartered fairs of the Middle Ages bringing with them a wealth of goods. The sheer number of these fairs, no fewer than 4860 were chartered between the years 1200 and 1400, drew not only merchant but entertainers as well: jugglers, musicians and tumblers the ancestors of today's showmen.
The Black Death of 1348-49 brought about a new kind of fair. In order to stem the rise in wages caused by the shortage of workers, Edward III introduced the Statute of Labourers. This compelled all able bodied men to present themselves annually for hire at a stated wage.

These gathering or hiring fairs were held mainly around Michealmas, the end of the agricultural year. By the early eighteenth century the trading aspects of the charter fairs had waned and most fairs consisted almost entirely of amusements, acrobats, illusionists and theatrical companies all plied their trade on fairgrounds. Around this time the first fairground rides began to appear, small crudely constructed out of wood and propelled by gangs of boys. In 1868, Frederick Savage, a successful agricultural engineer from Kings Lynn, devised a method of driving rides by steam. His invention, a steam engine mounted in the centre of the ride was to transform the fairground industry.

Freed from the limitations of muscle power, rides could be made larger, more capacious and more heavily ornamented. The showman's demand for novelty was matched by the ingenuity of Savage and other engineers. In the wake of the steam revolution an amazing variety of new designs and rides appeared. These rides were the forerunners of today's amazing thrill rides, over time innovations such as electric lighting, electric motors, hydraulics etc. allowed rides to evolve into the amazing devices that are seen today at any local fairground.


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