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    STAINLESS STEEL
    January 11, 1820 - Steel industry

    As the steel industry was making huge technological advances, chemists tried to create a rustproof, or stainless steel. A French metallurgist observed that when carbon steel was combined with an alloy like chrome, it did yield a rust-resistant metal. A century would pass before two British scientists continued his work and, in 1913, Europe was introduced to stainless steel. Its smooth, hard surface doesn't trap dirt, bacteria or molds - and today, stainless steel is used in everything from silverware and jewelry to spacecraft.

    SMOKING
    January 11, 1964 - Surgeon General, U.S.A.

    The U.S. Surgeon General Luther Terry, announced the results of a study on the health effects of smoking, ordered by President Kennedy in 1962. As America's first widely publicized official recognition of the dangers, it stated “Cigarette smoking is a health hazard of sufficient importance in the United States to warrant appropriate remedial action.” The report reviewed over 7,000 articles in medical journals, and concluded that cigarette smoking was a cause of lung and larynx cancer and chronic bronchitis. Male cigarette smokers were 1,000 times more likely to die from lung cancer than non-smokers. In 1965, the U.S. Congress required to print health warnings on cigarette packages.

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How To Brew Your Own Beer :

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There's no bottle of brew that tastes quite as good as the one you've made yourself. It's also a fun hobby. So what are you waiting for? Here's how to brew your own beer.

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There's no bottle of brew that tastes quite as good as the one you've made yourself. It's also a fun hobby. So what are you waiting for? Here's how to brew your own beer.

There's some equipment you are going to need. You should be able to pick it all up for under $200, and it's not hard to find. Any local brewing supply store or online brewing site will have everything you need which includes:

Brewing Pot

Plastic hose

Fermenter

Bottling bucket

Airlock and stopper

Bottle brush

Bottle capper

Thermometer – the stick-on type is best

Small bowl

Saucepan

Spatula

Oven mitts

Wooden mixing spoons

The easiest way, especially for beginners, is to pick up a beer kit. It will contain all the needed ingredients, which include yeast and hopped malt concentrate. You also need to buy fermentables, which are what add the different flavors to your brew. Of course you can buy your ingredients separately, but the kit is a foolproof way to get everything you need.

You will need to sanitize all your equipment. In fact, it's the most important thing you will do. Clean everything with hot soapy water. Then you need to sanitize all your equipment by using either the iodine solution or chlorine solution that came with your brewing equipment.

Now that everything is sterilized, you are ready to start. Put two quarts of water in your brew pot; then heat to around 180F or until it steams; then remove it from the heat. Add your beer kit and fermentables. Follow the instructions provided with your kit.

Stir until everything is dissolved; then put the lid on and leave it sit for 20 minutes on low heat. Add your mix, which is called the wort, to the fermenter which should be filled with four gallons of water. Stir for 4 minutes. This oxygenizes the mixture. When the wort is cool to the touch you can add your yeast.

Now it's time to let your wort ferment. The process starts right away and continues for 5 days. During this period it's important to keep the temperature constant, around 65F, and to keep your wort in a dark place. You'll be able to tell when your wort is fermenting because you will see tiny little air bubbles rising to the top.

When 5 day arrives you need to start checking your beer each day. When there are no more air bubbles your beer is ready to bottle. Don't be impatient. If you don't wait for the fermenting to complete you'll wreck your beer's taste.

Before you bottle you have to prepare what's called the primary solution. This is what carbonates the beer. In your saucepan add 2 cups of water and


Source : PLR

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