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TODAY IN HISTORY

    IRON RAILWAY BRIDGE COLLAPSE
    July 31, 1849 - Pennsylvania, USA

    Near Mast Hope, Pennsylvania, collapsed as a stock train was crossing. The engineer heard a loud cracking, pulled the throttle wide open, and succeeded in getting the engine across in safety. However, the rest of the train fell into the deep ravine of the Westcolang Creek along with the wrecked bridge. A brakeman and two stockmen lost their lives. The New York and Erie Railroad had that year experimented by building three iron bridges, including the one that failed. In 1850, an article in the Scientific American magazine reported that the company, having lost confidence in iron bridges, would tear down the two remaining and replace them with wooden structures.

    FIRST U.S. PATENT
    July 31, 1790 - USA

    Patent was granted to Samuel Hopkins of Vermont for a process for making potash and pearl ashes. Potash was important as an ingredient in soap and fertilizer. The patent was granted for a term of 14 years and signed by President George Washington, who had the previous month signed the first U.S. patent statute into law on 10 April 1790. Hopkins did not get Patent with a serial No.1 as thousands of patents were issued before the Patent Office began to number them. Congress had passed the Patent Act on 10 Apr 1790. Two other patents were granted that year - one for a new candle-making process and the other the flour-milling machinery of Oliver Evans. The next year, 1791, Samuel Hopkins also was granted the first Canadian patent.

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Detecting Online Gambling Scams :

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ARTICLE INFORMATION :

The article is devoted to online gambling websites, particularly to online casino scams. It also provides recommendations on how not to fall prey to online casino scammers.

ARTICLE CONTENT :

Each time you play casino games online, you could fall prey to scam artists. It does not matter whether you play American roulette, blackjack, slots, keno or any other gambling game, you should constantly be aware of the possible online scams and take all necessary preventive steps to avoid being scammed. You can have a lot of fun playing online, provided that you preclude scams from interfering with your game. By observing the following steps, you can ensure a much safer gambling experience on the Internet.

- Before you ever sign up for any gambling site, make certain you have installed the latest anti-spyware and virus protection on your personal computer. You are also suggested to choose the automatic updating and scanning feature.

- Seek reputable sites only. Steer clear of new sites or the ones you are not able to find information about. You can turn to online gamblers that you know personally or check up gambling or news websites or other sources. The best advice: if you cannot find any dependable information on an online casino site, steer clear of it.

- Do not loan money to other online gamblers that you do not know in person. There are scammers that will begin conversations with you and carry on interacting for long periods of time just to gain your confidence. You may even meet some scammers who will promise to pay you off more.

- Do not reveal personal data by email, or respond to emails sent by online gambling sites. Some online gambling scams use e-messages that are purportedly sent by reputable websites, but they are actually a scam. Any time you have to update or change your personal information, do it on the main website only.

- Do not download any software program that promises it can assist you in playing any online gambling games. Some will state that it is possible to see other gamblers' cards, or help you win. However, these types of applications are likely to be a scam.

- steer clear of sites that guarantee you will win. When it comes to gambling, it is impossible to guarantee a win, and you are likely to lose more often than win.

Stay alert! Once you find a reputable site, stick to it.

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