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    DRY-CELL PATENT
    November 15, 1887 - U.S.A.

    German scientist, Dr. Carl Gassner, was issued a U.S. patent (No. 373,064), the first in the U.S. for a "dry" cell. Gassner had already patented his invention in Germany (No. 37,758) on 8 Apr 1886, and also in Austria, Belgium, England, France and Hungary in the same year. The sealed zinc shell which contained all the chemicals was also the negative electrode. Later, he improved the shelf life of the battery by adding zinc chloride to the electrolyte to reduce corrosion of the zinc shell. Gassner's battery was much like the carbon-zinc, general-purpose batteries sold today. By 1896, the National Carbide Company (later Union Carbide and Eveready) produced the first consumer dry cell battery. Two years later, the company made the first D cell.

    ALKALINE DRY-CELL PATENT
    November 15, 1960 - U.S.A.

    A U.S. patent was issued for an alkaline dry-cell to P.A. Marsal, Karl Kordesch and Lewis F. Urry who assigned it to the Union Carbide Corporation, the manufacturer of Eveready batteries (No. 2,960,558). Compared to the existing carbon-zinc dry-cells, it offered an appreciable increase in life-span and efficiency during heavy continuous drains. Its construction used an alkaline electrolyte, manganese dioxide as depolarizer, a zinc powder-gel anode, and certain additives such including mercury and electrolyte-creep inhibitors. The patent gave practical details for commercial production. The patent claimed that whereas four cells in series of the carbon-zinc type gave 4.5 volts to power a 1.25-amp bulb for 45-min to 1-hr, the new alkaline design gave good brilliance after 6 to 7 hours.

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Detecting Online Gambling Scams :

Choose Your Color :

ARTICLE INFORMATION :

The article is devoted to online gambling websites, particularly to online casino scams. It also provides recommendations on how not to fall prey to online casino scammers.

ARTICLE CONTENT :

Each time you play casino games online, you could fall prey to scam artists. It does not matter whether you play American roulette, blackjack, slots, keno or any other gambling game, you should constantly be aware of the possible online scams and take all necessary preventive steps to avoid being scammed. You can have a lot of fun playing online, provided that you preclude scams from interfering with your game. By observing the following steps, you can ensure a much safer gambling experience on the Internet.

- Before you ever sign up for any gambling site, make certain you have installed the latest anti-spyware and virus protection on your personal computer. You are also suggested to choose the automatic updating and scanning feature.

- Seek reputable sites only. Steer clear of new sites or the ones you are not able to find information about. You can turn to online gamblers that you know personally or check up gambling or news websites or other sources. The best advice: if you cannot find any dependable information on an online casino site, steer clear of it.

- Do not loan money to other online gamblers that you do not know in person. There are scammers that will begin conversations with you and carry on interacting for long periods of time just to gain your confidence. You may even meet some scammers who will promise to pay you off more.

- Do not reveal personal data by email, or respond to emails sent by online gambling sites. Some online gambling scams use e-messages that are purportedly sent by reputable websites, but they are actually a scam. Any time you have to update or change your personal information, do it on the main website only.

- Do not download any software program that promises it can assist you in playing any online gambling games. Some will state that it is possible to see other gamblers' cards, or help you win. However, these types of applications are likely to be a scam.

- steer clear of sites that guarantee you will win. When it comes to gambling, it is impossible to guarantee a win, and you are likely to lose more often than win.

Stay alert! Once you find a reputable site, stick to it.

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