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    PITOT TUBE
    November 12, 1732 - Academy of Sciences, Paris

    Henri Pitot read a paper to the Royal Academy of Sciences in Paris about an instrument he had invented to measure the flow velocity at different depths of water in the River Seine. It had a scale and two open vertical glass tubes on a wood frame. The lower end of one pointed down, the other bent at 90 facing the flow. The belief of the time was that flow velocity at a given depth was proportional to the mass above it, meaning increasing velocity at greater depth. Recording the difference in liquid levels in the two tubes, he showed the opposite was true. Henri Darcy improved the design, with the support of Henri Bazin. Today, the Pitot tube has an important application in aerodynamics for the measurement of the airspeed of aircraft.

    POLYPROPYLENE
    November 12, 1999 - Bartlesville, Oklahoma, U.S.A.

    In Bartlesville, Oklahoma, a plaque was placed on the site of the laboratory where the polymer polypropylene was invented, designating it a National Historic Chemical Landmark by the American Chemical Society. The first commercially successful use of the new material was in the Hula Hoop®. In 1951, J. Paul Hogan and Robert L. Banks, research chemists working for Phillips Petroleum Company, discovered the polymer unexpectedly during experiments with catalysts while trying to convert the natural gas components ethylene and propylene into compounds useful for gasoline. Later, they also developed a new catalytic process for making high-density polyethylene. Phillips soon invested in new plastic manufacturing plants.

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Mass media have a great influence on our :

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The article concentrates on the role and function of mass media in everyday life, and features all four major sources of information and entertainment available nowadays.

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Barely anyone is unaware of the term 'mass media'. Everyday we use mass media sources to learn the latest domestic and world news, find necessary information, to entertain or to listen to the weather. The importance of the media now is immense. Mass media mould and form buying decisions, introduce new goods and services, educate and make us think. Mass media play a big role in forming and reflecting public opinion, connecting people and the world. Mass media strongly influence society, because it can reach a wide audience. They include four principal sources: TV, press, radio and the Internet.

Daily millions of newspapers and magazines are published worldwide. The list of them seems endless. There are different national and local newspapers, dailies and weeklies, broadsheets that cater for the better educated readers and popular newspapers that sell to a larger readership. Some newspapers give coverage to politics, financial and economic issues; whereas others cover upon 'human interest stories' and scandals. Since the advent of radio, more people have got access to the latest information. Radio is preferable when you are at work and require information or have to concentrate your attention on something else. Hence, we commonly switch on the radio when driving a car to listen to the newsflash and reports presented live at the scene. Listeners are particularly much into call-in talk-shows and music charts.

It has been estimated that the majority of people regard television as their main source of information. Our daily life is often arranged according to the program schedule. We have breakfast, with TV being on. We switch it on to view our favorite series and chat-shows, to watch newly released movies, music videos and news programs. While TV broadcasts are scheduled, the Web allows us to have access to information and entertainment day and night. Being both the video and audio source of information, the Web contains vast databases of information in every language.

It is well-known for the selection of opinions presented, huge collections of tracks and movies, e-encyclopedias intended to ease the search on the Internet, e-books and websites of papers and magazines. Life without mass media would be boring and limited. However, 'addiction' to some sources of amusement, such as viewing TV and searching on the Internet for hours, can badly impact upon health and interpersonal interaction.

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