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    DRY-CELL PATENT
    November 15, 1887 - U.S.A.

    German scientist, Dr. Carl Gassner, was issued a U.S. patent (No. 373,064), the first in the U.S. for a "dry" cell. Gassner had already patented his invention in Germany (No. 37,758) on 8 Apr 1886, and also in Austria, Belgium, England, France and Hungary in the same year. The sealed zinc shell which contained all the chemicals was also the negative electrode. Later, he improved the shelf life of the battery by adding zinc chloride to the electrolyte to reduce corrosion of the zinc shell. Gassner's battery was much like the carbon-zinc, general-purpose batteries sold today. By 1896, the National Carbide Company (later Union Carbide and Eveready) produced the first consumer dry cell battery. Two years later, the company made the first D cell.

    ALKALINE DRY-CELL PATENT
    November 15, 1960 - U.S.A.

    A U.S. patent was issued for an alkaline dry-cell to P.A. Marsal, Karl Kordesch and Lewis F. Urry who assigned it to the Union Carbide Corporation, the manufacturer of Eveready batteries (No. 2,960,558). Compared to the existing carbon-zinc dry-cells, it offered an appreciable increase in life-span and efficiency during heavy continuous drains. Its construction used an alkaline electrolyte, manganese dioxide as depolarizer, a zinc powder-gel anode, and certain additives such including mercury and electrolyte-creep inhibitors. The patent gave practical details for commercial production. The patent claimed that whereas four cells in series of the carbon-zinc type gave 4.5 volts to power a 1.25-amp bulb for 45-min to 1-hr, the new alkaline design gave good brilliance after 6 to 7 hours.

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  • Until a man duplicates a blade of grass
    by Earth Day, Thomas Alva Edison Inventor

    "...Until a man duplicates a blade of grass, Nature can laugh at his so-called scientific knowledge. Remedies from chemicals will never stand in favorable comparison with the products of Nature, the living cell of a plant, the final result of the rays of the sun, the mother of all life...."
  • The Revolution
    by John Adams

    "...The Revolution was effected before the War commenced. The Revolution was in the minds and hearts of the people; a change in their religious sentiments of their duties and obligations. This radical change in the principles, opinions, sentiments, and affections of the people, was the real American Revolution...."

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  • Cancer Facts & Figures
    about Besides Lung Cancer

    Besides lung cancer, tobacco use also increases the risk for cancers of the mouth, lips, nasal cavity (nose) and sinuses, larynx (voice box), pharynx (throat), esophagus (swallowing tube), stomach, pancreas, kidney, bladder, uterus, cervix, colon/rectum, ovary (mucinous), and acute myeloid leukemia. Drug Abuse
    about Facts about Drugs

    Facts about drugs can protect against drug abuse. Legal drugs, such as alcohol and tobacco, kill more people than illegal drugs. Tobacco (smoking cigarettes) kills more people than any other drug. Illegal drugs including heroin, cannabis, ecstasy and amphetamines can have unknown or dangerous ingredients. Mixing drugs, especially with alcohol, can be fatal.

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The article concentrates on the role and function of mass media in everyday life, and features all four major sources of information and entertainment available nowadays.

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Barely anyone is unaware of the term 'mass media'. Everyday we use mass media sources to learn the latest domestic and world news, find necessary information, to entertain or to listen to the weather. The importance of the media now is immense. Mass media mould and form buying decisions, introduce new goods and services, educate and make us think. Mass media play a big role in forming and reflecting public opinion, connecting people and the world. Mass media strongly influence society, because it can reach a wide audience. They include four principal sources: TV, press, radio and the Internet.

Daily millions of newspapers and magazines are published worldwide. The list of them seems endless. There are different national and local newspapers, dailies and weeklies, broadsheets that cater for the better educated readers and popular newspapers that sell to a larger readership. Some newspapers give coverage to politics, financial and economic issues; whereas others cover upon 'human interest stories' and scandals. Since the advent of radio, more people have got access to the latest information. Radio is preferable when you are at work and require information or have to concentrate your attention on something else. Hence, we commonly switch on the radio when driving a car to listen to the newsflash and reports presented live at the scene. Listeners are particularly much into call-in talk-shows and music charts.

It has been estimated that the majority of people regard television as their main source of information. Our daily life is often arranged according to the program schedule. We have breakfast, with TV being on. We switch it on to view our favorite series and chat-shows, to watch newly released movies, music videos and news programs. While TV broadcasts are scheduled, the Web allows us to have access to information and entertainment day and night. Being both the video and audio source of information, the Web contains vast databases of information in every language.

It is well-known for the selection of opinions presented, huge collections of tracks and movies, e-encyclopedias intended to ease the search on the Internet, e-books and websites of papers and magazines. Life without mass media would be boring and limited. However, 'addiction' to some sources of amusement, such as viewing TV and searching on the Internet for hours, can badly impact upon health and interpersonal interaction.

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