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    ANIMAL-TO-HUMAN HEART TRANSPLANT
    January 23, 1964 - University of Mississippi, U.S.A.

    The first animal to human heart transplant was made. Dr. James Hardy at the University of Mississippi transplanted the heart of a chimpanzee (named Bino) into the chest of Boyd Rush (age 68) in a last-ditch effort to save the man's life because no human was heart available. The newly-transplanted heart beat on its own; but it was too small to maintain independent circulation and Rush died after 90 minutes. Hardy had to endure some severe criticism. (This was three years before Christiaan Barnard performed the first successful human heart transplant). Hardy also made the first human lung transplant in 1963 and a double-lung transplant that left the heart in place in 1987.

    FIRST EXTINCT-ANIMAL CLONE
    January 23, 2009 - Aragon, Spain

    The birth and 7-minute life of the first extinct-animal clone was described in the journal Theriogenology. A clone of the Pyranean ibex, or bucardo, was created using DNA from frozen skin samples taken in 1999 from the last individual before it died (6 Jan 2000). The mother was a closely-related subspecies of the Spanish ibex. The surrogate goat was implanted with an egg into which the bucardo's DNA had been inserted to replace the original genetic material. The research effort was the work of a team of scientists at the Center for Agro-Nutrition Research and Technology in Aragon, Spain. The team had implanted 208 embryos in different goats, of which seven became pregnant. Of those, just one resulted in a live birth, a clone that died within 7 minutes of respiratory failure due to lung defects. The bucardo thus went extinct a second time.

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Mass media have a great influence on our :

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The article concentrates on the role and function of mass media in everyday life, and features all four major sources of information and entertainment available nowadays.

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Barely anyone is unaware of the term 'mass media'. Everyday we use mass media sources to learn the latest domestic and world news, find necessary information, to entertain or to listen to the weather. The importance of the media now is immense. Mass media mould and form buying decisions, introduce new goods and services, educate and make us think. Mass media play a big role in forming and reflecting public opinion, connecting people and the world. Mass media strongly influence society, because it can reach a wide audience. They include four principal sources: TV, press, radio and the Internet.

Daily millions of newspapers and magazines are published worldwide. The list of them seems endless. There are different national and local newspapers, dailies and weeklies, broadsheets that cater for the better educated readers and popular newspapers that sell to a larger readership. Some newspapers give coverage to politics, financial and economic issues; whereas others cover upon 'human interest stories' and scandals. Since the advent of radio, more people have got access to the latest information. Radio is preferable when you are at work and require information or have to concentrate your attention on something else. Hence, we commonly switch on the radio when driving a car to listen to the newsflash and reports presented live at the scene. Listeners are particularly much into call-in talk-shows and music charts.

It has been estimated that the majority of people regard television as their main source of information. Our daily life is often arranged according to the program schedule. We have breakfast, with TV being on. We switch it on to view our favorite series and chat-shows, to watch newly released movies, music videos and news programs. While TV broadcasts are scheduled, the Web allows us to have access to information and entertainment day and night. Being both the video and audio source of information, the Web contains vast databases of information in every language.

It is well-known for the selection of opinions presented, huge collections of tracks and movies, e-encyclopedias intended to ease the search on the Internet, e-books and websites of papers and magazines. Life without mass media would be boring and limited. However, 'addiction' to some sources of amusement, such as viewing TV and searching on the Internet for hours, can badly impact upon health and interpersonal interaction.

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