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TODAY IN HISTORY

    AMERICA'S FIRST ASPHALT PAVEMENT
    July 29, 1870

    Was laid in Newark, N.J. Previously, coal tar was used for many pavements laid in the 1860s. The first recorded asphalt pavement in the U.S. was a sand mix placed in front of the City Hall in Newark, N.J., in 1870. Edmund J. DeSmedt, a Belgian chemist (who became the inspector of asphalt and cements for the District of Columbia) held a U.S. patent for this asphalt paving method, granted on 31 May 1867. In that century most roads, even in cities, were wide dirt pathways, severely affected by weather. Smooth surfaced asphalt roads originally were for the benefit of bicyclists. By 1904, only 141 miles were surfaced, but commonplace by 1916. Natural asphalt deposits were originally used, but almost all of the asphalt used commercially is now made from petroleum.

    THE FIRST IRON LUNG
    July 29, 1927 - United States

    (Electric Respirator) was installed at Bellevue hospital in New York for the post war polio epidemic. The first iron lung was developed at Harvard University by Phillip Drinker and Louis Agassiz Shaw built with two vacuum cleaners. The iron lung is a negative pressure machine which surrounds the patient's body except for the head, and alternates a negative atmospheric pressure with the ambient one, resulting in rhythmic expansion of the chest cage (and thus inhalation) in response to the negative extra thoracic pressure. During periods of ambient extrathoracic pressure, the lungs deflate. This type of machine is rarely used today.

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The Interior Design Of A House Matters :

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The article is devoted to space arrangement in a house based on the personal and psychological approaches which feature comfort and harmony of the interior.

ARTICLE CONTENT :

It has been proven that the interior of the place we live in impacts upon our inner state and mood. Luckily, the time when the home interior was grounded on practicability and utility is a thing of the past, and here come a personal and a psychological approaches to the forefront. An apartment or a private house is gradually turning from the space we reside in into the place that reflects our inner world. The style is based on the two key factors - comfort and harmony.

The psychological approach to the home interior includes two major functions. The most widespread and common is a harmonizing function when the decor of a room or the whole house reflects its owner's temperament, his perception of the outside world. The function of such a decor is to create the atmosphere of harmony and calm. Nontrivial solutions can hardly be appropriate. Such an approach actually assumes interior inactivity towards its owner. Because of optimal mixture of shades and structures of decoration materials, the interior is adapted to an owner and reflects his inner ego.

The other function can be called stimulating. Such an approach presupposes a certain connection between the design and a human mind. Nowadays design plays an active part: it either favorably stresses owner's certain traits of character and temperament or it evens out unfavorable qualities. For example, such an interior can balance an impulsive choleric or encourage a melancholic who is inclined to depression. It is obvious that the popularity of feng-shui now is mostly determined by the variety of techniques available for organizing stimulating space.

But feng-shui adherers state that favorable arrangement of space can magically impact not only on the minds of people who live in this space, but also the events in their lives, success in private and social life. It goes without saying that an ideal design should combine the two functions. But not every person can get a professional consultancy in the interior psychology or space planning from a master of feng-shui. Yet, one can learn and use the major aspects of personal approach to space arrangement on their own. The interior design starts with house planning, creating a certain inner space structure.

As psychologists put it, such structuring is of paramount importance. It sets the rhythm of life in a house and often determines particular types of relationships that exist between house dwellers and between house dwellers and their guests. Though there are a lot of forms of house planning, there should be emphasized two major types: close and open interior.

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