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TODAY IN HISTORY

    PUNCHBOARDS
    January 17, 1905 - Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.

    The first U.S. patent was issued for a punchboard to Charles A. Brewer and Clinton G. Scannell of Chicago, Illinois, described as “vending devices.” They were manufactured by Charles A. Brewer & Sons in the same city. (No. 780,086). Even though the equivalent of punchboards had been around for many years, they had never been available in such a neat and portable form. The invention of board stuffing machines and ticket folding and plaiting machines in the late 1910s was probably the key factor which allowed the punchboard industry to flourish. Once the boards became cheap to manufacture, they flooded the country. Noted gambling author John Scarne estimates that 30 million punchboards were sold in 1910-15.

    TELEPHONE SWITCHBOARD
    January 17, 1882 - Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.

    A telephone switchboard was issued a U.S. patent to Leroy Firman of Chicago, Illinois (No. 252,576), which was assigned to the Western Electric Manufacturing Co. Also of Chicago. With his invention of a “multiple switchboard for telephone exchanges,” Firman addressed the problem of increasing numbers of subscribers. Previously, single switchboards, each with an attendant, served their group of individual lines. A large exchange was thus divided up into a number of internal exchange switchboards which were worked together as necessary, with trunk lines between the boards. Firman devised an arrangement to handle an exchange of a thousand or more subscribers with line status information exchanged between switchmen.

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The Interior Design Of A House Matters :

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The article is devoted to space arrangement in a house based on the personal and psychological approaches which feature comfort and harmony of the interior.

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It has been proven that the interior of the place we live in impacts upon our inner state and mood. Luckily, the time when the home interior was grounded on practicability and utility is a thing of the past, and here come a personal and a psychological approaches to the forefront. An apartment or a private house is gradually turning from the space we reside in into the place that reflects our inner world. The style is based on the two key factors - comfort and harmony.

The psychological approach to the home interior includes two major functions. The most widespread and common is a harmonizing function when the decor of a room or the whole house reflects its owner's temperament, his perception of the outside world. The function of such a decor is to create the atmosphere of harmony and calm. Nontrivial solutions can hardly be appropriate. Such an approach actually assumes interior inactivity towards its owner. Because of optimal mixture of shades and structures of decoration materials, the interior is adapted to an owner and reflects his inner ego.

The other function can be called stimulating. Such an approach presupposes a certain connection between the design and a human mind. Nowadays design plays an active part: it either favorably stresses owner's certain traits of character and temperament or it evens out unfavorable qualities. For example, such an interior can balance an impulsive choleric or encourage a melancholic who is inclined to depression. It is obvious that the popularity of feng-shui now is mostly determined by the variety of techniques available for organizing stimulating space.

But feng-shui adherers state that favorable arrangement of space can magically impact not only on the minds of people who live in this space, but also the events in their lives, success in private and social life. It goes without saying that an ideal design should combine the two functions. But not every person can get a professional consultancy in the interior psychology or space planning from a master of feng-shui. Yet, one can learn and use the major aspects of personal approach to space arrangement on their own. The interior design starts with house planning, creating a certain inner space structure.

As psychologists put it, such structuring is of paramount importance. It sets the rhythm of life in a house and often determines particular types of relationships that exist between house dwellers and between house dwellers and their guests. Though there are a lot of forms of house planning, there should be emphasized two major types: close and open interior.

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