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TODAY IN HISTORY

    AMERICA'S FIRST ASPHALT PAVEMENT
    July 29, 1870

    Was laid in Newark, N.J. Previously, coal tar was used for many pavements laid in the 1860s. The first recorded asphalt pavement in the U.S. was a sand mix placed in front of the City Hall in Newark, N.J., in 1870. Edmund J. DeSmedt, a Belgian chemist (who became the inspector of asphalt and cements for the District of Columbia) held a U.S. patent for this asphalt paving method, granted on 31 May 1867. In that century most roads, even in cities, were wide dirt pathways, severely affected by weather. Smooth surfaced asphalt roads originally were for the benefit of bicyclists. By 1904, only 141 miles were surfaced, but commonplace by 1916. Natural asphalt deposits were originally used, but almost all of the asphalt used commercially is now made from petroleum.

    THE FIRST IRON LUNG
    July 29, 1927 - United States

    (Electric Respirator) was installed at Bellevue hospital in New York for the post war polio epidemic. The first iron lung was developed at Harvard University by Phillip Drinker and Louis Agassiz Shaw built with two vacuum cleaners. The iron lung is a negative pressure machine which surrounds the patient's body except for the head, and alternates a negative atmospheric pressure with the ambient one, resulting in rhythmic expansion of the chest cage (and thus inhalation) in response to the negative extra thoracic pressure. During periods of ambient extrathoracic pressure, the lungs deflate. This type of machine is rarely used today.

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Artificial Grass and Synthetic Turf Revi :

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For a long time, the use of artificial grass and synthetic turf has been limited to sports stadiums. However, its reach is now extending to home compounds as well. It definitely has its merits as well as demerits.

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By analyzing these ones in relation to those of natural grass can help one make a sound decision about its use.

1. Artificial grass makes it possible to realize a great deal of savings in several ways.

• First, the amount of money invested in laying it out as compared with its durability is reasonable. While making a natural turf is rather inexpensive, its maintenance costs in the end make it more costly than this one.

• Second, the energy efficiency that comes with it cuts back costs significantly. This is notable when one considers the amount of fuel used annually by a simple lawn mower. Time that would be used in carrying out maintenance practices is also saved, making it convenient for the sick or elderly to manage their backyard easily.

• The modern day urban neighborhood has to cut down on water spending and this proves damaging to natural landscapes. Since artificial grass and synthetic turf does not need watering, makes it useful in these areas.

• Replacement costs in high wear and tear regions are avoided with this type of grass. These are areas where children play, dog runs and even around the swimming pool where splashing water can damage a natural lawn. Sporting arenas also enjoy its benefits.

2. Artificial grass and synthetic turf is also an environmentally friendly option.

• First, it needs no pesticides and thus prevents the negative effects of runoff from chemical treated yards.

• The fact that it needs no mowing means a significant reduction of carbon emission into the atmosphere.

• Clippings from cut grass have also been associated with environmental pollution in several ways. Hydrocarbons are released into the atmosphere; the clippings clog drainage pipes and finally end up in rivers and pollute them.

Another benefit associated with this type of grass is the fact that it gives your yard eye appeal all year round. Seasonal changes do not affect this grass and as such, it will never fade to a dull brown.

Nevertheless, artificial grass and synthetic turf has a number of significant disadvantages. First, the production of the grass involves a lot of carbon release into the atmosphere. This cuts down greatly on its environmental friendliness. The process also involves high energy consumption.

Furthermore, even though the grass is highly durable, after a while it needs replacing. The old grass goes to polluting the environment if not well disposed of.

Natural grass though, rids the environment of harmful Carbon Dioxide by absorbing it. It also breaks down pathogens and is thus a suitable option for playground since it has a lower chance of getting them sick. Wastes decompose with time and pose no risk to the environment.

Weighing these factors and assessing the particular needs of an area can help one in choosing correctly between natural grass and artificial grass and synthetic turf.

Artificial grass or synthetic turf is great for home garden. By installing fake grass, home owner can also save money on water bills.

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