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    WIRELESS TELEPHONE AT WHITE HOUSE
    November 21, 1919 - White House, U.S.A.

    President Wilson used a radio telephone set up on the south portico of the White House to direct the maneuvers of a dozen army airplanes flying over the Potomac river several miles away. His telephoned directions went direct to the flight commander in the air. The instrument was similar to those used by American aviators in France in the latter part of World War I. Col. C. C. Culver actively developed the equipment. He began the project in Aug 1910. No new invention was needed, only adaptation and adjustment of existing techniques. By Aug 1916, he was able to send a radio telegraph signal from a plane. Enlisting expert help from the telephone companies, by Oct 1917, voice messages could be send between a plane and the ground. The system was put into service for military wartime use.

    EDISON'S PHONOGRAPH
    November 21, 1877 - New York City, U.S.A.

    Thomas Edison announced his invention of his "talking machine" - the tin-foil cylinder recorder that preceeded the phonograph. He appears to have envisioned it as a business dictation machine. In Sep 1877, he wrote that its purpose was "to record automatically the speech of a very rapid speaker upon paper; from which he reproduces the same Speech immediately or years afterwards preserving the characteristics of the speakers voice so that persons familiar with it would at once recognize it." The indented tin foil, however, would survive only a few playings. By the first public showing of a phonograph, which took place in New York City in early Feb 1878, its practical applications had not yet been realized.

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Artificial Grass and Synthetic Turf Revi :

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For a long time, the use of artificial grass and synthetic turf has been limited to sports stadiums. However, its reach is now extending to home compounds as well. It definitely has its merits as well as demerits.

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By analyzing these ones in relation to those of natural grass can help one make a sound decision about its use.

1. Artificial grass makes it possible to realize a great deal of savings in several ways.

• First, the amount of money invested in laying it out as compared with its durability is reasonable. While making a natural turf is rather inexpensive, its maintenance costs in the end make it more costly than this one.

• Second, the energy efficiency that comes with it cuts back costs significantly. This is notable when one considers the amount of fuel used annually by a simple lawn mower. Time that would be used in carrying out maintenance practices is also saved, making it convenient for the sick or elderly to manage their backyard easily.

• The modern day urban neighborhood has to cut down on water spending and this proves damaging to natural landscapes. Since artificial grass and synthetic turf does not need watering, makes it useful in these areas.

• Replacement costs in high wear and tear regions are avoided with this type of grass. These are areas where children play, dog runs and even around the swimming pool where splashing water can damage a natural lawn. Sporting arenas also enjoy its benefits.

2. Artificial grass and synthetic turf is also an environmentally friendly option.

• First, it needs no pesticides and thus prevents the negative effects of runoff from chemical treated yards.

• The fact that it needs no mowing means a significant reduction of carbon emission into the atmosphere.

• Clippings from cut grass have also been associated with environmental pollution in several ways. Hydrocarbons are released into the atmosphere; the clippings clog drainage pipes and finally end up in rivers and pollute them.

Another benefit associated with this type of grass is the fact that it gives your yard eye appeal all year round. Seasonal changes do not affect this grass and as such, it will never fade to a dull brown.

Nevertheless, artificial grass and synthetic turf has a number of significant disadvantages. First, the production of the grass involves a lot of carbon release into the atmosphere. This cuts down greatly on its environmental friendliness. The process also involves high energy consumption.

Furthermore, even though the grass is highly durable, after a while it needs replacing. The old grass goes to polluting the environment if not well disposed of.

Natural grass though, rids the environment of harmful Carbon Dioxide by absorbing it. It also breaks down pathogens and is thus a suitable option for playground since it has a lower chance of getting them sick. Wastes decompose with time and pose no risk to the environment.

Weighing these factors and assessing the particular needs of an area can help one in choosing correctly between natural grass and artificial grass and synthetic turf.

Artificial grass or synthetic turf is great for home garden. By installing fake grass, home owner can also save money on water bills.

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