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TODAY IN HISTORY

    TELEPHONE SWITCHBOARD
    January 17, 1882 - Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.

    A telephone switchboard was issued a U.S. patent to Leroy Firman of Chicago, Illinois (No. 252,576), which was assigned to the Western Electric Manufacturing Co. Also of Chicago. With his invention of a “multiple switchboard for telephone exchanges,” Firman addressed the problem of increasing numbers of subscribers. Previously, single switchboards, each with an attendant, served their group of individual lines. A large exchange was thus divided up into a number of internal exchange switchboards which were worked together as necessary, with trunk lines between the boards. Firman devised an arrangement to handle an exchange of a thousand or more subscribers with line status information exchanged between switchmen.

    PUNCHBOARDS
    January 17, 1905 - Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.

    The first U.S. patent was issued for a punchboard to Charles A. Brewer and Clinton G. Scannell of Chicago, Illinois, described as “vending devices.” They were manufactured by Charles A. Brewer & Sons in the same city. (No. 780,086). Even though the equivalent of punchboards had been around for many years, they had never been available in such a neat and portable form. The invention of board stuffing machines and ticket folding and plaiting machines in the late 1910s was probably the key factor which allowed the punchboard industry to flourish. Once the boards became cheap to manufacture, they flooded the country. Noted gambling author John Scarne estimates that 30 million punchboards were sold in 1910-15.

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Holistic Dentistrsy :

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Natural, safe ways to preserve dental health and oral hygiene.

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HOLISTIC DENTISTRY People often talk about preventative medicine and mention, quite rightly, the need for correct diet, exercise and certain nutritional supplements. But many pathogens and subsequent conditions can originate in the area of the mouth. Whilst the enzymes contained in the mouth's saliva are powerful enough to fight off many toxins, they cannot eradicate all unwelcome visitors. In addition, many people have amalgam fillings which contain mercury. If this mercury leaks into the body's system there can be a host of unpleasant consequences, the most common among them being Candida.

As mercury is essentially a poison, any presence of it in the blood can also increase the workload of the liver, which again may have a number of ramifications. Dentists who embrace a natural approach to oral hygiene and dental health are, in general, in the minority. The field of complementary medicine can provide a huge number of options for the dentist seeking to augment his approach and achieve a higher degree of efficiency. From homeopathy to natural detoxification products, most holistic dentists have found that introducing natural medicinal regimes into their practices has paid dividends.

One particular practice,in Bedfordshire, England, has been utilizing this approach now for almost twenty years. The Luton Holistic Dental Practice use everything from homeopathy to herbal formulas to augment their natural, mercury-free approach to dentistry. Their main dentist, Thomas Nyerges, says, 'We have noticed that recovery time and general response to treatment is remarkably improved when we include natural medicinal supplements as a part of overall treatment.'There are, additionally, numerous testimonials extolling the benefits experienced after mercury removal. Little by little other mainstream dentists are now also beginning to incorporate a more natural approach to treatment, good news for everyone who dreads those visits to the big leather chair!

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