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    TELEPHONE SWITCHBOARD
    January 17, 1882 - Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.

    A telephone switchboard was issued a U.S. patent to Leroy Firman of Chicago, Illinois (No. 252,576), which was assigned to the Western Electric Manufacturing Co. Also of Chicago. With his invention of a “multiple switchboard for telephone exchanges,” Firman addressed the problem of increasing numbers of subscribers. Previously, single switchboards, each with an attendant, served their group of individual lines. A large exchange was thus divided up into a number of internal exchange switchboards which were worked together as necessary, with trunk lines between the boards. Firman devised an arrangement to handle an exchange of a thousand or more subscribers with line status information exchanged between switchmen.

    PUNCHBOARDS
    January 17, 1905 - Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.

    The first U.S. patent was issued for a punchboard to Charles A. Brewer and Clinton G. Scannell of Chicago, Illinois, described as “vending devices.” They were manufactured by Charles A. Brewer & Sons in the same city. (No. 780,086). Even though the equivalent of punchboards had been around for many years, they had never been available in such a neat and portable form. The invention of board stuffing machines and ticket folding and plaiting machines in the late 1910s was probably the key factor which allowed the punchboard industry to flourish. Once the boards became cheap to manufacture, they flooded the country. Noted gambling author John Scarne estimates that 30 million punchboards were sold in 1910-15.

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    "...Change; we don't like it, we fear it, but we can't stop it from coming. We either adapt to change, or we get left behind. It hurts to grow, anybody who tells you it doesn't is lying. But here's the truth: Sometimes the more things change, the more they stay the same. And sometimes, oh, sometimes change is good. Sometimes change is everything...."
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  • Cancer Facts & Figures
    about Besides Lung Cancer

    Besides lung cancer, tobacco use also increases the risk for cancers of the mouth, lips, nasal cavity (nose) and sinuses, larynx (voice box), pharynx (throat), esophagus (swallowing tube), stomach, pancreas, kidney, bladder, uterus, cervix, colon/rectum, ovary (mucinous), and acute myeloid leukemia. Harvard Medical School
    about Eyesight Myth and Fact

    Myth: Staring at a computer screen all day is harmful to the eyes. Fact: Spending the day staring at a screen can tire or strain your eyes, but it will not hurt them. Make sure lighting doesn't create a glare on your screen. When spending long periods at your keyboard, take a break now and then to rest your eyes to reduce fatigue. Also, don't forget to blink. Your eyes need to stay lubricated to feel comfortable.

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a view at some easy solutions to health problems.

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Health and Beauty Tips In this article are some general health and beauty tips. I hope you will find them of use although don't forget to check the infomation on your cosmetics and skin care items to make sure you are not sacrificing health for beauty. Showers for Winter Skin Care As nice as a hot shower might feel first thing in the morning on a chilly day, do not make it too hot. This will make it more difficult for your skin to keep moisture.

Be aware of the temperature, and cool the water off a bit just before exit the shower. Your skin will fasten in more moisture, and you will keep away that nasty cold moment when you get out of the shower! Diet Right to Counter PMS If you do not like vitamin supplements or over-the-counter drugs, you can counter PMS by rearranging your diet. Carbs, vegetables, and whole grain cereal and bread can aid to ease PMS symptoms. Make sure to evade things like chocolate, coffee, and caffeinated sodas, as this can make the symptoms worse.

"Firming Up" Your Chin To conceal a double chin, get some brown like rose blush and apply it down your jawline from just under your ears to your chin. Use a very tiny amount of white powder on the point of your chin to complete the slimming effect. Shopping Tips When you're going shopping to look for new clothes, make sure you dress appropriately: loose-fitting dresses will make testing out outfits a lot easier. Also, be conscious that not all dressing cubicles mirrors are trust worthy--some are made in a way to make you look smaller!

Make sure to verify the clothes in your own mirror before you pull off those tags. And, above all, take a friend. A second opinion will help make sure you get just what you're looking for. Simple Blemish Safeguard It's not startling that just about anything by your face can have an effect on how clear your skin is. Make sure to keep the mouthpiece of your phone clean, and don't chew on your writing utensils --or, if you can't help it, wash those, too. browse practicalcures for extra details on this subject Easing a Cold There's no solution for the common cold, but there are a couple of things you can do to relieve the symptoms and get well more quickly.

Have a cup of warm water with table salt mixed in nearby at all times and, whenever you can, gargle with it. Ensure the water is warm, but not too hot, and that the salt remains mixed in. Doing that on a usual basis not only aids to cut down the cold, but also relieves your throat. Do Not Abandon Your Appearance Even if you are staying your house presently and nobody is going to see you, go through your usual hygiene habits. Stopping for a day could be harmful to your skin, hair, and teeth ... and keeping up will make you feel better, too.

Clean Your Brushes Filthy makeup equipment can build up with oil and germs with regular use ... and if you're prone to acne, this can be particularly disastrous! Cleanse your equipment and applicators at least once every fortnight. You'll be amazed how good this is.

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